The OWASP Top 10 is a widely recognized list of the most critical security risks commonly found in web applications. It is compiled by the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) and serves as a valuable resource for developers, security professionals, and organizations to prioritize their security efforts. Here’s a summary of the OWASP Top 10:

1. Injection: Injection flaws occur when untrusted data is sent to an interpreter as part of a command or query, leading to unintended commands or data exposure. Common examples include SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection.
2. Broken Authentication: Weaknesses in authentication and session management mechanisms can lead to unauthorized access and compromised user accounts. Examples include weak passwords, session fixation, and insecure password recovery mechanisms.
3. Sensitive Data Exposure: This refers to the inadequate protection of sensitive information, such as financial data or personal identifiable information (PII). It can occur due to weak encryption, insufficiently protected data at rest or in transit, or improper handling of sensitive data.
4. XML External Entities (XXE): XXE vulnerabilities arise when an application parses XML input insecurely, allowing external entities to be included, leading to information disclosure, denial of service, or server-side request forgery (SSRF) attacks.
5. Web Access Control: Insecure access controls can allow unauthorized users to access restricted functionality or data. This includes privilege escalation, insecure direct object references, and missing authorization checks.
6. Security Misconfigurations: Security misconfigurations occur when systems are not properly configured, leading to potential vulnerabilities. These can include default settings, open ports, error messages revealing sensitive information, or outdated software.
7. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): XSS vulnerabilities enable attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users, leading to session hijacking, defacement, or the theft of sensitive information.
8. Insecure Deserialization: Insecure deserialization can result in remote code execution, denial of service, or security bypass. Attackers can tamper with serialized objects and exploit vulnerabilities during the deserialization process.
9. Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities: Many applications use third-party components, libraries, or frameworks that may have known vulnerabilities. If not updated or patched, these can be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access.
10. Insufficient Logging and Monitoring: Insufficient logging and monitoring make it challenging to detect and respond to security incidents. Proper logging and monitoring mechanisms, along with effective incident response processes, are essential to identify and mitigate attacks in a timely manner.
11. Insecure By Design

Understanding and addressing these risks can significantly improve the security posture of web applications. It is crucial for organizations to prioritize secure coding practices, implement proper security controls, conduct regular vulnerability assessments, and stay updated on emerging threats to mitigate these risks effectively.